We find dark matter in the universe at all?

The science of cosmology has a spectacular race. In recent decades, cosmologists from measurements and observations with which we have set our universe in the past in incredible detail to rebuild. Now we can say with great confidence that we understand how and why our universe has developed in the course of most of its history. From this point of view, our universe seems more understandable than before. Yet all it is not understood. Despite considerable efforts, the essential aspects remain our universe that we do not know how to explain. Perhaps the most famous of these secrets is that dark matter. Modern measurements have determined the amount of matter in our universe at a very high degree of accuracy, and is much more there than in the form of atoms. After decades of debate, we are now confident that the majority – about 84 percent – that matter do not exist, or our universe from atoms to think of other known substances, but something else that radiate no appreciable or absorb light . For lack of a better name, we call this mysterious dark matter stuff. But naming something is very different understanding of it. A decade ago, many cosmologists – myself included – thought we had a good idea, beating the darkness probably made up. The arguments we have done testified as we thought, this substance was formed in the first fraction of a second after the Big Bang. The amount of the early universe dark matter particles created which then survived the conditions of the Big Bang, we have calculated these particles would depend on how they interact with each other and with the ordinary forms of matter. Based on our calculations, we were led to think that dark matter interacts pass through have what is known as the weak nuclear force, or some other unknown force is so powerful about. We call these particles WIMPs – weakly interacting particles with mass – and they were our best estimate of the identity of the dark matter. If the dark matter is in fact realized WIMP, then it should be possible to carry out experiments that could directly detect and measure individual particles of the substance. With this goal in mind, a small army of physical dark matter began to build ultra-sensitive detectors so that they provide in deep underground laboratories where they would be protected from disturbing types of cosmic radiation. At that time, the odds looked good enough that this approach would be successful. In fact, I have a bet in 2005 that dark matter particles would be discovered within a decade. I lost the bet. From the technological point of view, these experiments resulted in beautiful. No signal appeared. Adding insult to injury, the Large Hadron Collider began to find no sign of dark matter and its operation during that time. From these experiments, we learned that dark matter is much more elusive than we ever imagined. our failure to recognize the dark matter particles, has had a significant impact on the scientific community. Even if a discovery could be plausible around the corner still the case yet, most will acknowledge, we are studying the dark matter that many of our favorite dark matter candidates should by now have been detected. This has pushed the field to redirect their efforts to new and sometimes very different ideas, which began in an explosion of theoretical work in connection with dark matter and its nature. New popular idea is that dark matter could not be alone, but you might be one of several types of particles that make up the so-called “hidden sector”. The particles that could pose a hidden field that interact with each other, but to explain almost never with any of the known forms of matter, because they were so difficult to recognize in underground experiments or produced at the Large Hadron Collider. Experience the particles that could make a hidden field in the early universe in any number of potentially developed a complex and interacted so, and the forces that we have ever experienced. Particle physicists many theories that can lead to interactions between different types of hidden matters have on the valid production proposal from the dark matter in the early universe. In fact, it is quite easy for particle physicists with valid theories of hidden field that behave in this way to come. Another possibility has less to do with the darkness to the material itself and more with the space it occupies in the first fraction of a second after the Big Bang. If we use to calculate the equations of general relativity, the speed zone should expand, we take into account all known forms of matter and energy, including all kinds of particles that we observed at the Large Hadron Collider. But it is quite possible that other forms of matter in the early universe, there were as yet unknown. If this were the case, then does our universe can expand much different from how we imagine the time. And if the early universe expanded either faster or slower than we currently expect, this would change as the dark matter particles interacted during this time, and how much of this substance are these critical moments have survived. The range of ways in which our universe expanded and may have developed during the first second, it is huge. unknown forms of matter and energy have increased the rate of expansion, but it is possible that things even more strange occurred even in those first moments. Maybe our universe is experiencing a short burst and the sudden expansion or suffered some point during the first second of a dramatic transition phase. Alternatively, there may be a population of particles must change our lost world warming and its development. The possibilities abound. Such events may have influenced dramatic as the dark matter was formed and interacted during our early universe moments. If we learn that one day such an event did not take in reality, this would change our expectations about the nature of dark matter and the nature of the experiments almost certainly be able to bring the implementation would have to recognize them. It might also explain why dark matter has remained so elusive for so long. The remarkable progress of dark matter detectors underground and the Large Hadron Collider has triggered in cosmology in a state of serious problems. Dark matter, it seems, is quite different than most of us had ever thought. The stubborn elusiveness of dark matter has forced us to leave many of our pet theories and examine some radical new ideas about the substance and the conditions in which it was formed in the first moments after the Big Bang. With the pursuit of the nature of dark matter to find out, we hope not only to identify the particles that make up most of the matter in our universe, but to learn the history and the first moments of the universe. In this sense, the dark matter gives us a window into the Big Bang. I have no doubt that these early moments keep incredible secrets; but our universe keeps its secrets closely. It is up to us to convince these secrets from her grasp them by the secret discovery.
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