The scariest of my now-college daughter ever dream legs or were on the run, had, as they were called in our family, my legs going, almost audibly activated. She was in kindergarten at the time and the dream amounts to little more than a photo of a pair of tights blacks, a lower part of the invisible body stuffed behind her. It ‘was the first thing he mentioned when he got up in the morning and brought back for breakfast clearly worried. We talked a bit ‘and I asked her what she thought her legs would do if they caught. “Bite me,” she said. “With what?” I asked. This made her laugh, but not so much that they do not even talk about the dream that his teacher had to draw a picture of it and then talk to each other through it. The fear vanished after, but not the memory. Stupid or not, childish or not, the legs being reviewed several boxes that qualifies as a rule as a nightmare. It ‘been reminded about revival and have been the reason for the awakening. It caused the subsequent rescue day. And ‘the danger involved in the case of nightmares, is most often some sort of physical assault, a serious accident, illness or, yes, hunted. Nightmares can also be the person who has caused harm to others. “People are social beings,” says Professor Michael Schredl, a sleep researcher at the Central Institute of Mental Health in Mannheim, Germany, and characters that nightmares can be a bit ‘of the social code that we have to hold the line during the day and critically important enough about us, who apparently works even in sleep. From the moment we came as a species we rely on our acceptance within a group for our survival, and could mean the rules of this evil exile group. “I think these nightmares to this important point,” says Schredl. It would be nice if there were no nightmares in the first place for all of us, but it is not surprising that they do. If the sleeping brain is forever sometimes absurd film screening, which are our dreams, it is no surprise that every now and then would choose a horror film. But there are unanswered questions: why had dinner one night and not another; why some people suffer from them more than others; what is the specific content of bad dreams mean. The search for a good night? Search by signing up for driving time to scientific mysteries of sleep. Researchers have long worked to answer these questions and at least succeeded in some of the mysteries in recent years is falling apart. What’s more, they are developing new ways, often high-tech for sleep to watch the brain as they play the nightmares and even read a few specific plot elements, or at least the images. It can also be a way to step into his and allow the brain to nightmarish tale of a dreamer stimulating change in control to take over the experience, all while still asleep. The nightmares do not meet the same for us. According to a 2017 study by U. K. participants in social psychology and Psychiatric Epidemiology published, about 5% of the population has suffered a nightmare, at least once a week, often qualify as a diagnosable disease sufficiently. A greater percentage of the population 30% to 55% -has an average of a nightmare in the month, according to a study in Hong Kong published in the journal Sleep. And the American Society of Sleep Medicine reports that about 85% have reported at least occasional nightmare, a finding confirmed by several studies. Where are the nightmares nightmares early in life planted the seeds of the future during the so-called “infantile amnesia” The time is known from birth lasting about three and a half years, and is a time of life when virtually no lasting memories polite. infantile amnesia, however, disturbed if the material injury to the baby during this difficult time experiencing physical abuse Window, experiencing domestic violence or down without caregivers consisting of the rotation care, to name a few. This can lead to what psychologists published Nielsen, University of Montreal, called the load acceleration hypothesis (SAH), in an article of 2017, Frontiers of Neurology. The basic idea is that the early SAH adversity of this type can accelerate the development of skills that fear and crisis management are appropriate standards for the child, but come to a long-term cost. “The trauma causes changes in the brain that help the child to adjust in the short term,” says psychologist and dream researcher Louis Philippe Marquis of the University of Montreal, he had the Nielsen as their supervisor. “But can facilitate nightmares and psychopathology later in life” According to the SAH cases, it is the source of trauma did not lead to the ordinary; only the birth of a brother in childhood amnesia nightmares window someone more vulnerable. No wonder: the first child goes to having to stand by the sole focus of attention of parents that love and share the newcomer usually the majority of care, simply because children are so demanding. In his 2017 paper, plain Neilsen as it recently wrote that first-born children more frightening dreams than children born twice, independently of possible confounding factors such as age, sex and number of siblings had. Other less traumatic factors may also contribute to nightmares. In a study in 2018 found 1,216 Schredl subjects that simple daily stress a strong causal factor. “He raises all kinds of frequency the nightmare stress,” says Schredl. “It should not be a problem not recognized in the subconscious.” Individual Temperament can also be a factor in causing nightmares. Schredly has found that people who score higher pay based on tests of empathy and sensitivity rather to stress the day with a time of sleep is a nightmare. The search for sheaves Bryrony, clinical psychologist at the University of Oxford, specializing in, among others, sleep disturbances, nightmares is connected to a painful triptych temperamental tendencies: paranoia, frequent depersonalization, and hallucinations. Sheaves emphasized that in all these cases, it does not describe clinical conditions: Some people are wary than others; Some tend to feel in times of social stress depersonalized like walking into a party full of strangers or a speech to be delivered; in the case of hallucinations, Sheaves is usually describes people who live images dream experience when falling asleep or waking-the hypnagogic or hypnopompic States called. In all of these people, nightmares are more likely to occur more frequently. “In fact, not a single cause of nightmares for most people,” says sheaves. “The exception to this is if you are part of a larger PTSD problem.” Among people with PTSD or stress disorder, especially war veterans and victims of rape or other forms of violence anywhere from 71% to 96% of frequent post-traumatic nightmares report, according to the US -Department of Veterans Affairs. In fact, nightmares one of the defining symptoms of the disease. Only parts of the brain serve as a screening room for nightmares, it is uncertain. Marquis said that the most likely loci are the anterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex. The anterior cingulate cortex plays a role in emotions, blood pressure, heart rate, morality and where to allocate our attention, all come into play during nightmares. The main role of the hippocampus is to adjust and process memory that helps vivid or traumatic experiences during the day or deeper in the past has been given repeatedly in dreams lived, especially in PTSD patients. But the two biggest players in the skull Gang of Four are the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex. The amygdala is in what amounts to the basement of the brain, both physically (it’s buried deep, not far from the brainstem) and functional (is where the demons are kept, in particular anxiety, aggression, anger and sadness). When we are awake, the prefrontal cortex keeps a watchful eye, what all these emotions are on the ground floor. But “the frontal areas of the brain are switched off during sleep, and the brake that repressed emotions active in the amygdala during the day stopped working right,” Stephanie Rek, a doctoral student and medical intern says sleep at Ludwig Maximilian of Monaco studies. When the brain of night sign, are the monsters for the game. Learn terrible Read the dreams and nightmares that can be like the nightmares of the content, are not necessarily always a bad thing. New research in brain regions involved in nightmares have found that one-time dream fear, in some cases, may also have an adaptive value. In 2019 a study published in the open access journal Human Brain Mapping, led a team Virginie Sterpenich, senior researcher at the University of Geneva Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, recruited 89 subjects and a dream diary keep them for a week, reported in the content of their dreams and the associated emotions, including fear, anger, sadness and disgust. Following these subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), while the images of faces with a look at what the researchers found, were happy, funny or scary or threatening expressions. looking at the view of the scary or threatening faces, subjects reported fewer nightmares in his dream journal, the fMRI showed activity in the island and in midcingulate cortex of the brain, the human being mirrored more or less bad dreams. In people who reported more nightmares, twitching those regions of the brain they were less reactive to the negative images effectively off. The implication, according Sterpenich and his colleagues: learning bad dreams in the bed safety may actually serve to better aid in the handle, really scary or threatening consequences in the real world. Further experimental research is tempting-Tomoyasu Horikawa and Shen Guohua, both the Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute in Kyoto, Japan, which can make it possible to use fMRI scans on the visual content of the subjects actually peek into dreams . The premise, that explored in depth in an article in 2019 in PLoS Computational Biology, initially includes a deep neural network machine-learning lessons for recognizing an encyclopedic collection of images including animals, planes, faces, trees, mailboxes , car and and. The researchers then used an fMRI visual cortex from human subjects to read as you watch or the same employees were present objects. The subjects were also allowed to fall asleep in an fMRI machine, then awakened during the hypnagogic state and asked that the images they had experienced in their half of dreams for some time. The fMRI data from these mind-pictures were when they coded their responses. Then, the resulting database has been tested: The subjects were placed in the back fMRI examination or the idea of some images and brain readings were then fed into the deep neural network would try to understand the images, and to create new, E ‘was incredibly accurate. The face of a tiger or a picture of a tree that the machine could spit out the reading of the brain in response to be fuzzy or sloppy, or must, be turned this way or that, before it was realized just what it was, but same, read the many brain computer and saw subjects even in rough way, what he saw. It ‘too early to say, that such a mind-reading system could have practical effect, but with the help of a therapist, may be used with regular nightmares work on the content of dreams, and to help them settle down and desensitize the images. Another type of new learning technologies as control nightmares could have a more direct impact on mitigating nightmares. Known as the transcranial stimulation is introduced into low-frequency energy in the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain in small quantities. This has been demonstrated experimentally usually dream of changing what is known as lucid dreaming, more convincing in a 2014 study published in Nature Neuroscience and led by Ursula Voss, a professor of psychology at the JW Goethe University in Frankfurt Germany. In another dream, the sleeping brain is aware that the experience is just a dream, can stand back from it and look like a third person, and in some cases the control of the narrative turns to take the hunt for the legs running , say, instead of being chased by them. found in the work of Voss, she and her team who take in the most important energy frequencies of 25 and 40 Hertz, all three of these lucid dream States awareness of the dream, a third-person perspective, and the ability to take control of it- it could be reached more frequently than people who have not received transcranial stimulation. In a 2018 paper in the Journal of Sleep Research, an international team of scientists, a number of treatments nightmarish low-tech examined immediately available. The document, called with 23 co-authors was the result of what Schredl describes as “the world’s first conference nightmare” and involved some sort of view of the bird’s nightmare research landscape. agreed on the basis of their results, the researchers concluded that one of the most powerful treatments nightmare is “desensitization and exposure,” ask the patient first, vividly imagine the nightmare and practice relaxation practices, including regular breathing and alternately tighten and relax the muscles around. Next, they are asked to take nightmare and imagine these therapeutic measures. The first exercise teaches control of the experience take the second is based on the first bogey in a controlled environment, which, over time, may waive his performance due to difficulty. Although effective, according to the study in 2018 he is “treatment of sample image”, introduced to the patient’s nightmare several times a day in a quiet and concentrated atmosphere attitude, but rescript, give it a different, happy ending in which, for example the Tiger turns into a kitten chase. It is a simple, but apparently Empower method by several studies in the 2010s showing that nightmare frequency and even gravity can reduce PTSD among patients and the general improvement in sleep quality. Cognitive-behavioral therapy, in which people are forged certain beliefs about nightmares, for example, you are haunted by memories of the day, the experience, can also help reduce the shock dreams and power. None of this is to eliminate the nightmares together. The brain is to serve one thing only good creative dreams and reactive and emotional. But to interpret our understanding of nightmares and technology and control-is a new weapon in an ancient war. Dream itself may not change, but is our answer. Picture copyright by Getty Images
for reading and learning scientists Change-Your Nightmares
