Individual circadian clocks can the next step in personalized medicine

Until Seemay Chou can remember, she has to be woken up at 4:30 Chou midnight long gone and taken to bed, which meant it was a bad sleeper. Not that he felt bad. In fact, I slept only four hours a night has left them full of energy and with the feeling of recreation in his work leads a research laboratory that studies the bacteria. “It feels really good for me to sleep four hours,” he says. “When I get into that rhythm, that’s when I feel my best.” The rest of the world to adapt, in an attempt to remain, plans to snooze, would sometimes same drug, melatonin, alcohol or marijuana comestible -in more sleep. It has failed. “If I sleep seven or eight hours, I feel a lot worse,” he says. “Hung over, almost.” Although the federal government that Americans sleep for optimal health recommended seven or more hours a night and works, new research is challenging the hypothesis that sleep is a one-size-fits-all phenomena. Scientists have discovered that our internal clock varies so much that they could form the next frontiers of personalized medicine. Listening carefully to the ticking of our internal clocks, the researchers expect to discover new ways to help in any more from their sleep and kept waking. The search for a good night? Search by signing up for driving time to scientific mysteries of sleep. Human sleep is largely a mystery. We know that it is important; too little it is linked to metabolic disorders with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, psychiatric disorders, autoimmune disorders, neurodegeneration and many types of cancer. “It ‘s true that the poor sleep leads to an increased risk for virtually any ailment,” says Dr. Louis Ptacek, a professor of neurology at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). But the details of what the law is actually going during the closing of the eyes are scarce. “We know almost nothing about sleep and how it regulates,” says Ptacek. Some people are getting larks morning, early, and other night owls who stay up as longer. These models are regulated by the body’s circadian rhythm, an internal clock 24 hours. People can use their circadian rhythm through all kinds of external factors, such as setting an alarm clock handling or exposed to light. But the duration of the ideal sleep has long been thought to be universal. “There are many people who think every 8-8 hours and a half hours of sleep a night and will need health consequences if they do not understand it,” says Ptacek. “But it is foolish for example, should be every 5 ft. 10 in. High. It’s simply not true.” Ptacek and his wife Ying-Hui Fu, a professor of neurology at UCSF, are pioneers in the relatively new field of genetics sleep. It is about ten years ago, was discovered the first short-human gene linked natural sleep; People who have a rare genetic mutation seemed to get the same benefits than six hours of sleep a night, how they got without the mutation from 8 hours. It was in 2019 and Ptacek two additional genes naturally short sleep-related discovered, and soon will present a paper describing a quarter and offered even more evidence that even with less sleep is a genetic trait is. The researchers are now collecting data on short sleepers, just to find out how often these mutations. “If we want to better understand why their sleep is more efficient, we can go back and sleep help all more efficiently,” says Fu. Among the participants is Chou, who is also at UCSF to work. One day in a faculty, she chatted Ptacek and his business meeting. He recognized immediately as he described short sleepers. “I had never heard of it. But once I started reading, was a kind of epiphany.” Chou still do not know if it has identified genetic variants. But after the researchers interviewed them from their sleep patterns of the family, she realized her mother is also a short sleeper. “I remember when I was younger, and my father with his frustrated late to read a lot, but it felt good forever,” he says. The researchers took blood samples from two women. Doctors once short sleepers such as Chou dismissed as insomnia or be depressed. But short sleepers may otherwise have an advantage over any reality. Research is still too early, but it was found that in addition to being more efficient sleep, they tend to have a higher tolerance for pain than men to be energetic and optimistic and need to spend more time in bed. They also tend to live longer stretch. Chou says the first three apply to them; is by nature, her, and although she is often sunny and positive bruises on his body, he does not remember, as a rule, to get them. “I find it disturbing how much people about some ‘physical pain complain,” he says. So far, only this fascinating observations. But genetics short sleepers, Fu and Ptacek believe that eventually the lessons for the rest of us learn. “As we identify more genes and we think about the ways in which they work, in the end it creates an image, and begin to have an understanding of how sleep is regulated in more detail,” says Ptacek. This, hopefully, will lead to targeted treatments like pills or vitamins to improve sleep efficiency in humans. Researchers are also sleeping with other day bodily processes that could benefit from a personal approach or targeted. While a master clock in the brain acts like a ladder, set the time for the entire body, the rest of the body as an orchestra musician with their watches. “All your organs have rhythms,” says Steven Lockley, associate professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, circadian rhythms and sleep investigated. “There’s a clock in your heart, a clock in the lungs, a clock in the kidneys.” Almost everything is translated in body metabolism, hormones, immune system, reproductive performance and the way in which DNA influenced by a circadian rhythm, he says. It’s not all the same thing. internal clocks of the people are often hours of one another, says Lockley. “The range of individual differences is much larger than they really figured it out yet.” He has the whole clock system of the body effects for both healthy people and people with medical conditions, and scientists are already seeing glimpses of how certain tests and treatments a time to get more accurate results, or powerful. A reading of cholesterol, for example, may be what you go the surgery affected days because the liver (cholesterol does) it has a circadian rhythm. “The time of day when you can measure what someone sees you making clinically abnormal, even if they do not,” said Lockley. Medicine may also be more effective if done in a given time. Because it is metabolized in the liver, “the drugs change their effect in the day,” said Lockley. Other circadian physical processes such as cell function can also affect how the medication. Early research suggest some drugs, including some for cancer, pain and asthma better performance or are less toxic when at different times of the day. That can be as powerful as medicine for some conditions is good for you if you do. “But I believe that the time of day influence has on the effects of exercise on our metabolic health,” says Juleen Zierath, Professor of Physiology at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden. In a small study in 2018 published in the journal Diabetologia, Zierath and her team began 11 men with type 2 diabetes in a high-intensity interval training program. The men performed both in the morning (08.00 am) or afternoon (16.00) for two weeks so the plans changed. The researchers expect that regardless of the time of day, the men would have seen in both groups improvements in the levels of blood sugar. But “if they exercised in the morning, was actually slightly higher levels of blood sugar [baselined] that we did not expect,” says Zierath. It is unclear to what extent the type of exercise and other material variables, but the study provides an interesting indication that the time of day can make a difference for the year. Scientific knowledge is emerging when it comes to optimizing the clock testing and treatment. Our understanding of the different time of day is still primitive. But Lockley believes it is the key to personalized medicine; he and others must be measured by simple clinical tests for internal circadian time ways than one person. “We hope that in the next five to 10 years, you should go to the doctor to give a breath test or a pee sample and the doctor would have the biological time to know,” he says. “Then all the test results and treatment can be based on your internal real-time, which will be very different between you and me based on our internal clocks.” For now, understanding that our bodies often operate on different clocks is a great advancement of science. It ‘s the way Chou sleeps, lives and works changed. “I just became more convenient to accept with my sleep,” he says. You are asked to anticipate their staff about their sleep schedule, when everyone will be at its peak. Inform all possess their abbreviated program so that they know that they do not immediately respond to an e-mail message is not expected to 4:05 send “that is only if my brain works,” he says. This appears in the August 17, 2020 issue of time.
image copyright of photography illustration of KangHee Kim